Researchers from Florida Atlantic University’s Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine have received a $1 million grant from the Florida Medical Malpractice Joint Underwriting Association to launch a new initiative: the Geriatric Emergency Department Pharmacologic Harm Prevention Project (GREAT PHARM). This program seeks to reduce falls and other adverse drug events (ADEs) among older adults by using pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing, a personalized approach that tailors medications to an individual’s genetic profile.
As America’s population ages, the risks associated with polypharmacy – taking multiple medications simultaneously – are becoming increasingly urgent. In the United States, nearly 1 in 4 adults aged 65 years and older falls each year, making falls the leading cause of injury-related death in this age group. These falls account for more than 36,000 deaths and more than 3 million emergency department visits annually. Many of these falls are preventable and closely linked to medication-related complications.
The problem is especially acute in South Florida, which has one of the highest concentrations of older adults in the country. A significant percentage of these individuals are on five or more medications daily, increasing their risk of harmful drug interactions, confusion, dizziness and eventually, falls. Certain medications, such as sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives and opioids, are particularly associated with a 60% to 70% increased risk of falling. Furthermore, older adults on four or more medications are one-and-a-half times more likely to experience a fall, and each additional medication increases the risk by up to 21%.
To address this pressing issue, the GREAT PHARM project will implement a randomized controlled study involving older adults who visit emergency departments following a fall. Participants in the intervention group will receive pharmacogenomic testing to guide safer prescribing, with results shared directly with their primary care providers for medication optimization. Pharmacogenomics is a type of personalized medicine that uses your DNA to help doctors choose the safest and most effective medications for you. The control group will receive usual care. Patients will be followed for 12 months, during which researchers will monitor ADEs, repeat ED visits, fall recurrence and patient-reported wellbeing.
“Our goal with GREAT PHARM is to take the guesswork out of prescribing for older adults by using pharmacogenomics to tailor medications to each individual’s genetic profile. We believe this approach will significantly reduce adverse drug events – especially serious outcomes like falls – and improve how patients feel day to day,” said Richard Shih, Ph.D., principal investigator and professor of emergency medicine in FAU’s Schmidt College of Medicine. “This isn’t just about reducing harm; it’s about enhancing quality of life and empowering physicians with precise, evidence-based tools to make safer, more effective prescribing decisions.”
The project also will include quantitative and qualitative analyses. In addition to measuring clinical outcomes, researchers will assess the prevalence of harmful drug-gene combinations and abnormal drug levels in patients with specific genetic profiles. Additionally, they will explore patient experiences and identify potential barriers and enablers to incorporating pharmacogenomic testing into routine care.
